1. GBD 2015 Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators. Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Respir Med. 2017:5;691-706.

2. Parikh P. OPEN-ing up about asthma. Allergy & Asthma Today. 2016;14:22-23. Disponible en http://mydigimag.rrd.com/publication/?i=326085#{“issue_id”:326085,”page”:20}. Último acceso en noviembre de 2018

3. Price D, Fletcher M, van der Molen T. Asthma control and management in 8,000 European patients: the REcognise Asthma and LInk to Symptoms and Experience (REALISE) survey. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2014;24:14009

4. Rabe, K. F., Vermeire, P. A., Soriano, J.B., Maier, W.C. Clinical management of asthma in 1999: the Asthma Insights and Reality in Europe (AIRE) study. Eur Respir J. 2000;16:802-807.

5. Fletcher M, Hiles D. Continuing discrepancy between patient perception of asthma control and real-world symptoms: a quantitative online survey of 1,083 adults with asthma from the UK. Prim Care Resp J. 2013;22(4):431-438

6. Murphy KR, et al. Asthma management and control in the United States: results of the 2009 Asthma Insight and Management survey. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012 Jan-Feb;33(1):54-64

7. Andrews KL et al. Stigma: Still an Important Issue for Adults With Asthma. Journal of Asthma and Allergy Educators. Vol 4, Issue 4, 2013

8. Reddel HK, et al. Risks associated with managing asthma without a preventer: urgent healthcare, poor asthma control and over-the-counter reliever use in a cross-sectional population survey. BMJ Open. 2017;7:e016688. Disponible en: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/9/e016688.full?ijkey=JWTMTG1oSaXXktC&keytype=ref

9. Bülow AV, et al. The Prevalence of Severe Asthma and Low Asthma Control Among Danish Adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;2(6):759-767

10. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. 2018. Disponible en: http://ginasthma.org/download/832/. Último acceso: abril de 2018

11. Price D, Fletcher M, van der Molen T. Asthma control and management in 8,000 European patients: the REcognise Asthma and LInk to Symptoms and Experience (REALISE) survey. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2014;24:14009

12. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Pocket Guide for Asthma Management and Prevention. 2018. Disponible en: https://ginasthma.org/2018-pocket-guide-for-asthma-management-and-prevention/. Último acceso en octubre de 2018

13. Juniper EF, GH Guyatt, PJ Ferrie, et al. Measuring Quality of Life in Asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993;147:832-8.

14. Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. My Life with Asthma Survey Overview. Disponible en: http://www.aafa.org/media/1684/my-life-with-asthma-in-2017-survey-findings-report.pdf. Último acceso en octubre de 2018

15. Rand C, et al. Mediators of asthma outcomes. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012:129(3);136-141

16. Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. My Life with Asthma Report. Disponible en http://www.aafa.org/my-life-with-asthma-report/. Último acceso en octubre de 2018

17. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI). Advocacy Manifesto: Tackling the Allergy Crisis in Europe - Concerted Policy Action Needed. Disponible en: http://www.eaaci.org/documents/EAACI_Advocacy_Manifesto.pdf. Último acceso en octubre de 2018

18. Behmanesh F, et al. Evaluation of anxiety and depression in mothers of children with asthma. Electron Physician. 2017:9(12);6058-6062

19. European Respiratory Society. European Lung White Book, Chapter 2: The economic burden of lung disease. Disponible en: http://www.erswhitebook.org/files/public/Chapters/02_economics.pdf. Último acceso en octubre de 2018

20. Daugherty J, et al. The impact of long-term systemic glucocorticoid use in severe asthma: A UK retrospective cohort analysis. J Asthma. 2017 Sep;19:1-8

21. Nunes C, Pereira AM, Morais-Ameida M. Asthma costs and social impact. Asthma Res Pract. 2017;3:1

22.Chipps et al. Key findings and clinical implications from The Epidemiology and Natural History of Asthma: Outcomes and Treatment Regimens (TENOR) study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012 Aug;130(2):332-42.

23. Gandhi NA, Bennett BL, Graham NM, et al. Targeting key proximal drivers of type 2 inflammation in disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016;15(1):35-50

24. Woodruff PG, et al. T-helper Type 2–driven Inflammation Defines Major Subphenotypes of Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;180(5):388–395

25. Peters MC, Mekonnen ZK, Yuan S, et al. Measure of gene expression in sputum cells can identify TH2-high and TH2-low subtypes of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(2):388-394

26. Fahy et al. Type 2 inflammation in asthma--present in most, absent in many. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015 Jan;15(1):57-65.

27. Dunican EM, Fahy JV. The Role of type 2 inflammation in the pathogenesis of asthma exacerbations. Ann Am Thorac Soc.2015;12 Suppl 2:S144–S149

28. Muraro A, Lemanske RF, Hellings PW, et al. Precision medicine in patients with allergic diseases: Airway diseases and atopic dermatitis-PRACTALL document of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;137(5):1347-58

29. Ray A, Oriss TB, Wenzel SE. Emerging molecular phenotypes of asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2015;308(2):L130-40

30. Matsusaka M, K Fukunaga, H Kabata, et al. Subphenotypes of type 2 severe asthma in adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2018;6(1):274-276.e2

31. Robinson D, Humbert M, Buhl R, et al. Revisiting type 2-high and type 2-low airway inflammation in asthma: current knowledge and therapeutic implications. Clin Exp Allergy. 2017. 47(2): 161-175.

32. Partridge, M. R. Delivering optimal care to the person with asthma: what are the key components and what do we mean by patient education? Eur Respir J. 1995: 8: 298-305.

33. Forum of International Respiratory Societies. The Global Impact of Respiratory Disease – Second Edition. Sheffi eld, European Respiratory Society, 2017.

34.Global Initiative for Asthma. Difficult-to-treat & severe asthma in adolescent and adult patients, 2019 (Iniciativa Global para el Asma. Asma grave y difícil de tratar en pacientes adolescentes y adultos, 2019). https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/GINA-Severe-asthma-Pocket-Guide-v2.0-wms-1.pdf Último acceso: 13 de marzo de 2020.

35. Chung, K. F., et al (2013). International ERS/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma. European Respiratory Journal, 43(2), 343-373. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00202013

36. The Global Asthma Report 2018. Auckland, New Zealand: Global Asthma Network, 2018

37. Bachert C, Han JK, Desrosiers M, et al. Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (LIBERTY NP SINUS-24 and LIBERTY NP SINUS-52): results from two multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase 3 trials [published correction appears in Lancet. 2019 Nov 2;394(10209):1618

38. Washington University in St. Louis Missouri. SINO-NASAL OUTCOME TEST (SNOT-22) COPYRIGHT NOTICE Washington University grants permission to use and reproduce the. 2006. p. 2.

39. Bachert C, Gevaert E. Advances in rhinitis and rhinosinusitis in 2015. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;138(5):1277-1283

40. Gandhi NA, Bennett BL, Graham NM, Pirozzi G, Stahl N, Yancopoulos GD. Targeting key proximal drivers of type 2 inflammation in disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2016;15(1):35-50

41. Khan A, Vandeplas G, Huynh TMT, et al. The Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GALEN rhinosinusitis cohort: a large European cross-sectional study of chronic rhinosinusitis patients with and without nasal polyps. Rhinology. 2019;57(1):32-42

42. Chaaban MR, Walsh EM, Woodworth BA. Epidemiology and differential diagnosis of nasal polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2013;27(6):473-478

43. Van Zele T, Claeys S, Gevaert P, et al. Differentiation of chronic sinus diseases by measurement of inflammatory mediators. Allergy. 2006;61(11):1280-1289

44. Van Zele T, Holtappels G, Gevaert P, Bachert C. Differences in initial immunoprofiles between recurrent and nonrecurrent chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2014;28(3):192-198

45. Yasir M, Goyal A, Bansal P, et al. Corticosteroid Adverse Effects. [Updated 2020 Apr 13]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531462/

46. DeConde AS, Mace JC, Levy JM, Rudmik L, Alt JA, Smith TL. Prevalence of polyp recurrence after endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Laryngoscope. 2017;127(3):550-555

47. Bassiouni A, Wormald PJ. Role of frontal sinus surgery in nasal polyp recurrence. Laryngoscope. 2013;123(1):36-41

48. Wynn R, Har-El G. Recurrence rates after endoscopic sinus surgery for massive sinus polyposis. Laryngoscope. 2004;114(5):811-813